LAB 1

 Name: Muhammad Danial Bin Zainal Azlan                                                   Matric Number:192020173

1) Ramli is a Windows 7 user. However, He decided to use Mac Os X. For the first time use he need to know where to get hardware information in Mac OS X ? Please brief detail step by step to help him. (answer step by step with screenshots).

To open System Information directly, press and hold the Option key and choose Apple menu  > System Information. You can also use Spotlight to find System Information, or open it from the Utilities folder of your Applications folder. 

System Information opens to a system report for your Mac:

Select items in the sidebar to see information about each item. For example:

• The Hardware section shows your Mac serial number
• The Memory section shows how much RAM is installed in each internal memory slot.
• The Software section shows which startup disk (boot volume) your Mac is using.
• The Network section shows details such as your IP address, the connections allowed by your macOS firewall, the signal strength of nearby Wi-Fi networks, and more.

2) Sabrina love Espresso, a text editor Mac OS, but she don’t know how to install the software in Mac OS. (answer step by step with screenshots)

To make Espresso run on Mac OS , Sabrina need to install its dependencies. There are two possibilities for this, MacPorts and Homebrew. I recommend MacPorts, but if Sabrina already have Homebrew installed, Sabrina can use that too. To check whether Sabrina already have one or the other installed, run the following commands:

If both are installed, Sabrina need to remove one of the two. To do that, run one of the following two commands:

If Homebrew is already installed, Sabrina should resolve any problems reported by the command:

If Anaconda Python or the Python from www.python.org are installed, Sabrina will likely not be able to run ESPResSo. Therefore, please uninstall them using the following commands:

3) David is a Mac OS user likes to play angry bird. He download from internet angrybird.exe and try to install but fail. Why this happen? Any solution? (answer step by step with screenshots).

David will need a Gmail account and the Google Chrome browser installed on your Mac and follow these steps:

    

1. Launch Google Chrome;
2. Go to the Chrome Web store here;
3. If you are not signed in to Gmail, sign in to your Google or Gmail account by clicking Sign In in the upper right hand corner of the Google Chrome window. You will be taken to the Google sign in page. Enter your Gmail account name and password and click the Sign In button;
4. Type in “angry birds” in the search bar in the upper-right corner of the Google Chrome window;
5. Click on Angry Birds (or other another version of your choice, like Angry Birds Seasons) and click on + Add to Chrome;
6. Angry Birds will be added to your Google Chrome Apps. Click on Angry Birds and wait for the app to install.

    7. When prompted, click the Install button.

    8. After clicking Install, the Angry Birds shortcut icon will appear in your Google Chrome apps.

That’s it. Angry Birds on David Mac for free. Now David can start playing.

4) Nazri is a technical officer of All Technologies SDN BHD, he suspected someone has been used his computer and he want to check whether true or not. He using windows 7 Ultimate Edition. How can you help him? Please give detail step.

1. Check recent activities

Just head to the File Explorer by either opening Documents, This PC, or pressing Windows key + E. At the top left of the menu, click on Quick access. You'll be able to see what's been opened, so look for anything you haven't accessed yourself.

2. Check your browser history

In any browser you can press ctrl key + H then the history window will pop up. There we can see if there is a website that you did not visit.

5) Azam using UniMAP computer library. Suddenly, he get this error. What are he trying to do? Any idea to solve this problem? 

“The requested operation requires elevation” means that in order to open the file you’ll need the elevated permission of a local administrator to take ownership and gain access. So we can change the ownership of the external hard drive to get rid of the problem.

to fix these problem Azam must follow these steps:

1) Log in your computer with the administrator account.

2) Locate your external hard drive. It could be in the folder named Computer/My computer/This PC different Windows operating systems.

3) Right-click on your external hard drive. Then click Properties.

    

4) On Properties windows, view on Security tab and click Advanced. Then tap on Owner panel and click Edit.

5) Choose the user you want to set as the owner of the file. Then check on Replace owner on subcontainers and objects. Click Apply > OK to save the settings.

6) “top” is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file.” Zafirah try to get show process on terminal but get an error message. Why this happen? How to use this command?

This is happening because when the environment variables get messed up, it could lead to trouble with other programs that share the same environment variable. One such symptom is the following error in Windows:

“command” is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file.

To fix this problem Zafirah must follow these steps:

Step 1:

Verify Program Exists

Look in System32 folder and verify the program you are trying to run exists.

Step 2:

Modify Environment Variables

1. Right-Click on My Computer icon
2. Select the Advanced tab
3. Click on Environment Variables
4. Under System Variables locate Path and choose 'EDIT'.
5. Copy this entire string and paste it into Notepad for safe keeping.
6. Add the directory that houses your program. Example: C:\Windows\System32;
7. Verify that you used a semi-colon followed by a space for item number 6.
8. Click 'Ok'

Zarifah needs to reboot the computer to enable the new value. After rebooting, try executing the command again and verify that it fixed your problem. If it doesn’t, double check the value of the path variable again. It could be a bad syntax with the semicolons or a wrong value is entered.

7) Iskandar is a Windows system administrator sent print screen from his computer. What are information he provided. What type of operating system that he used? What type of command line he used?

 

The type of operating system that Iskandar use is Microsoft Windows. He uses Windows Powershell and uses the command line: 

Get-Service | Get-Member

8)

    

Suhaila are Ubuntu user. However she can’t explain information given from gnome-terminal. Please brief detail about the information given.

• total (Mem): total installed memory (that is MemTotal from /proc/meminfo), this all the memory in RAM
• used (Mem): used memory, equal to total - free - buffers - cache
• free (Mem): unused memory (that is MemFree), this all the memory that is unused for anything (even caches) in RAM
• shared (Mem): this is the amount of memory used mainly for tmpfs (Shmem)
• buff/cache (Mem), sum of buffers and cache
• buffers: memory used by kernel buffers (Buffers), which is memory that the kernel can take advantage of
• cache: memory used by the page cache and slabs (Cached and SReclaimable). The page cache contains the contents of files in the filesystem cached to RAM, and it is generally a good thing for this to be a high number. I presume "slabs" are a similar caching feature.
• Swap: this is the total amount of disk space reserved for swap

These informations should help Suhaila to understand more about gnome-terminal.

9) Follow the instruction and explain the result

i) On the keyboard: Ctrl + Alt + t 

ii) Type: less /proc/cpuinfo (answer with screenshots).

What is FPU and PAE

i)    Opens Terminal Emulator

 

ii) less /proc/cpuinfo

FPU: A floating-point unit is a part of a computer system specially designed to carry out operations on floating-point numbers. Typical operations are addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and square root.

PAE: In computing, Physical Address Extension, sometimes referred to as Page Address Extension, is a memory management feature for the x86 architecture. PAE was first introduced by Intel in the Pentium Pro, and later by AMD in the Athlon processor.

10) Lisa open terminal and type “lscpu”. That actually she what to do?

lscpu gathers CPU architecture information from sysfs and /proc/cpuinfo. The command output can be optimized for parsing or for easy readability by humans. The information includes, for example, the number of CPUs, threads, cores, sockets, and Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) nodes.

11) “dmesg grep | -i usb”. Please brief detail about the information given.(answer with screenshots).

12) Which is the core of the operating system?

a) Shell

b) Kernel 

c)Commands

d)Script

a) Kernel

A kernel is the central part of an operating system. It manages the operations of the computer and the hardware, most notably memory and CPU time. There are five types of kernels: A micro kernel, which only contains basic functionality; A monolithic kernel, which contains many device drivers.